Imaging

The ratios of the muscle widths may be used as reference values to assess muscular atrophy or hypertrophy in cases of bilateral or unilateral orthopaedic diseases of the pelvic limbs.

The study shows that FHNO could lead to severe functional deficits in large breed dogs. An extensive follow-study is necessary to more accurately determine the frequency of such complications.

Overall, the agreement on radiographic interpretation of CCLR was high

The technique provides a simple and accurate means of assessing radioulnar axial incongruence

The utilization of both qualitative and quantitative data provided valuable insight

A viable surgical approach. Precise portal placement and adequate infrapatellar fat pad debridement are critical.

Overall, CT was better than radiography for detecting fractures

MRI may help guide treatment in patients with cranial cruciate ligament damage, particularly for stable partial rupture

CBLO results in minimal to no change in articular cartilage in at a median time of 14 months after surgery

Non-affected Toy breed dogs and Beagle constitute reasonable research models to study atlantoaxial stabilization constructs