Risk of simultaneous phenotypic expression of hip and elbow dysplasia in dogs

Efficacy of leflunomide for treatment of immune-mediated polyarthritis in dogs: 14 cases (2006-2008).

Small animal - Arthritis

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate efficacy and adverse effects of leflunomide for the treatment of naturally occurring immune-mediated polyarthritis (IMPA) in dogs. DESIGN: Retrospective case series. ANIMALS: 14 dogs with cytologically confirmed IMPA. PROCEDURES: Medical records were used to identify dogs with a diagnosis of IMPA that were treated with leflunomide. Signalment, radiographic findings, laboratory data, dosage of leflunomide, treatment duration, treatment response, and occurrence of adverse effects were determined from medical records. ...

Evaluation of electric neurostimulation to confirm correct placement of lumbosacral epidural injections in dogs.

Small animal - Spine - Pain Management

Objective-To determine the minimal electric threshold (MET) of neurostimulation in and out of the lumbosacral epidural space necessary to cause muscle contraction of the hind limb or tail, determine an MET cutoff value that indicates epidural needle placement, and compare predictability of epidural needle placement attained by use of neurostimulation versus the standard technique that uses loss of resistance in dogs. Animals-96 healthy Beagles. Procedures-Dogs received nonionic contrast medium (90 mg/kg) either in or out of the epidural space. ...

Qualitative Comparison of 0.27T, 1.5T, and 3T Magnetic Resonance Images of the Normal Equine Foot

Large animal - MRI - Comparative Study - Equine

Magnetic resonance (MR) imaging has become an important diagnostic tool in the investigation of foot pain in horses. The aim of this study was to qualitatively compare ex-vivo MR images of the same equine feet obtained at three magnetic field strengths: 0.27, 1.5, and 3 tesla (T). Ten cadaver feet were used. All feet were imaged with two high-field systems (3T, 1.5T) and with a low-field (LF) system at 0.27 T designed for standing horses. Images were acquired using similar pulse sequences in all 3 MR units. ...

Correction of a severe torsional malunion of the metacarpus in a calf by transverse osteotomy, transfixation pinning and casting

Large animal - Angular limb deformity - Ruminant

A four-month-old Holstein heifer was presented for evaluation of an angular limb deviation. Upon initial presentation, the heifer was not clinically lame. An external rotation of 90° of the fetlock was observed in the left forelimb. Radiographs identified a healing closed spiral fracture of the third and fourth metacarpal bones, with a 90° external torsion. A mid-metacarpal bone transverse osteotomy was performed after insertion of transcortical pins in the distal and proximal part of the third and fourth metacarpal bones and in the distal radius. ...